@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20261405.20,
  author = {Koffi Diallo and Konan Amoin Georgette and Zahé Kollet Yao Aimé Sylvère and Bini Adamou Thérèse d'Avila and Assa Rebecca Yao and Soro Doudjo and Assidjo Nogbou Emmanuel},
  title = {Triple Burden of Malnutrition and Its Sociodemographic Determinants Among School Adolescents in Toumodi, Côte d'Ivoire},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {14},
  number = {5},
  pages = {365-374},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20261405.20},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20261405.20},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20261405.20},
  abstract = {This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of stunting, thinness, and overweight/obesity among school adolescents in Toumodi, Côte d'Ivoire. It also identified their sociodemographic and familial determinants. The sample included 253 adolescents (53.0% male; mean age 13.8 ± 1.5 years) enrolled in Grade 6 and Grade 7 of public secondary schools. Height and weight were converted into body-mass-index-for-age (BAZ) and height-for-age (HAZ) Z-scores, using World Health Organization growth references. Stunting was defined as HAZ below -2, thinness as BAZ below -2, and overweight/obesity as BAZ above +1. Associations with sex, age, area of residence, living companions, family size, and parental education were assessed. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were used. Stunting affected 40.1% of children (95% confidence interval [CI] 34.0-46.1%). Thinness affected 8.4% (95% CI 5.0-11.8%), and overweight/obesity affected 21.2% (95% CI 16.1-26.3%), confirming a triple burden of malnutrition. Concurrent stunting and thinness affected 4.0% of children. Stunting prevalence increased sharply with age, from 17.0% among 10-12-year-olds to 63.3% among 16-18-year-olds. It was independently associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.57 per year, 95% CI 1.28-1.93) and male sex (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.02-3.13). Overweight/obesity was independently associated with younger age (aOR 0.72 per year, 95% CI 0.57-0.91). No sociodemographic or familial variable was significantly associated with thinness. Family size and parental education were not significantly associated with any of the three nutritional outcomes. These findings confirm a substantial triple burden of malnutrition, dominated by stunting, among adolescents in Toumodi. Age and sex, rather than family size or parental education, emerged as the main sociodemographic determinants. The results support the need for age- and sex-targeted nutritional interventions. They also reinforce the importance of extending nutrition surveillance beyond early childhood to explicitly include adolescents in West African school-age populations.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Triple Burden of Malnutrition and Its Sociodemographic Determinants Among School Adolescents in Toumodi, Côte d'Ivoire
AU  - Koffi Diallo
AU  - Konan Amoin Georgette
AU  - Zahé Kollet Yao Aimé Sylvère
AU  - Bini Adamou Thérèse d'Avila
AU  - Assa Rebecca Yao
AU  - Soro Doudjo
AU  - Assidjo Nogbou Emmanuel
Y1  - 2026/10/23
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20261405.20
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20261405.20
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 365
EP  - 374
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20261405.20
AB  - This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of stunting, thinness, and overweight/obesity among school adolescents in Toumodi, Côte d'Ivoire. It also identified their sociodemographic and familial determinants. The sample included 253 adolescents (53.0% male; mean age 13.8 ± 1.5 years) enrolled in Grade 6 and Grade 7 of public secondary schools. Height and weight were converted into body-mass-index-for-age (BAZ) and height-for-age (HAZ) Z-scores, using World Health Organization growth references. Stunting was defined as HAZ below -2, thinness as BAZ below -2, and overweight/obesity as BAZ above +1. Associations with sex, age, area of residence, living companions, family size, and parental education were assessed. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were used. Stunting affected 40.1% of children (95% confidence interval [CI] 34.0-46.1%). Thinness affected 8.4% (95% CI 5.0-11.8%), and overweight/obesity affected 21.2% (95% CI 16.1-26.3%), confirming a triple burden of malnutrition. Concurrent stunting and thinness affected 4.0% of children. Stunting prevalence increased sharply with age, from 17.0% among 10-12-year-olds to 63.3% among 16-18-year-olds. It was independently associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.57 per year, 95% CI 1.28-1.93) and male sex (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.02-3.13). Overweight/obesity was independently associated with younger age (aOR 0.72 per year, 95% CI 0.57-0.91). No sociodemographic or familial variable was significantly associated with thinness. Family size and parental education were not significantly associated with any of the three nutritional outcomes. These findings confirm a substantial triple burden of malnutrition, dominated by stunting, among adolescents in Toumodi. Age and sex, rather than family size or parental education, emerged as the main sociodemographic determinants. The results support the need for age- and sex-targeted nutritional interventions. They also reinforce the importance of extending nutrition surveillance beyond early childhood to explicitly include adolescents in West African school-age populations.
VL  - 14
IS  - 5
ER  - 

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